Policy Brief - The Fallacy of r – g The empirical evidence does not confirm the hypothesis that the public debt tends to be more stable in countries where the (real) interest rate is systematically lower than (real) growth. On the contrary. A Policy Brief by Lorenzo Bini Smaghi The Matchstick of Inflation Both in the U.S. and Europe, the excess liquidity created over past decades has been only partially reabsorbed. It remains ready to fuel inflation if a matchstick is struck. A commentary by Franco Bruni The Geopolitics of Trump’s Inauguration Speech The geopolitical references in the inaugural address of the new US President are striking because they align closely with the concept of “classic geopolitics”—a vision of politics and international relations as an aggressive, zero-sum game. A commentary by Andrea Colli Trump 2.0, The EU-US Relationship at a Crossroads Much of the impact of the new Trump Administration on Europe will depend on how the balance of power within the US plays out between the President and key corporate leaders, of Big Tech in particular. A commentary by Mario Monti Ukraine Refugees: From Temporary Protection to Encouraging Return to Support the Ukrainian Economy While the reconstruction of Ukraine is often envisioned to happen after the war, rebuilding the Ukrainian manufacturing sector should commence now. A commentary by Yuriy Gorodnichenko, and Daniel Gros DISCOVER ALL EVENTS IEP@BU Fellows Image Elena Carletti Member of the Management Council Elena Carletti is a Professor of Finance and Dean for Research at Bocconi University, where she also serves in the Executive Committee of the new... Image Jonathan Faull Non-Resident Fellow Sir Jonathan Faull KCMG is Chair of European Public Affairs at the Brunswick Group. He's former Director General in the European Commission. Author of... Image Valentina Bosetti Member of the Management Council Since 2012, Valentina Bosetti is a professor at Bocconi University teaching environmental and climate change economics. From 2020 to 2023, she chaired... Image Massimo Amato Fellow Massimo Amato earned his degree in Economic and Social Sciences and his PhD in Social and Economic History from Università Bocconi. He is researcher i... Image Muxin Li Fellow Muxin is a postdoc at IGIER - Università Bocconi. Her primary research interest is Industrial Organization, with a special focus on the digital econom... Image Alan Dashwood Non-Resident Fellow Alan Dashwood began teaching European Community Law in 1970 and have been specialised in it since the period he spent at the European Court of Justice... 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Image Annita Florou Fellow Annita Florou is Professor of Accounting at Bocconi University. Prior to this, she held academic positions at London Business School, Queen Mary Unive... Image Zachary Porreca Fellow Zachary Porreca is a postdoctoral fellow at Bocconi University. He completed his PhD in Economics at West Virginia University in 2023. He is an applie... Image Tommaso Nannicini Fellow Tommaso Nannicini holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the European University Institute (2005), a Master in Economics from Bocconi University (1999) and h... Image Silvia Merler Non-Resident Fellow Silvia Merler is currently Head of ESG & Policy Research at Algebris Investments, a global asset management firm. She also serves a... prev next Video Remote video URL The EU in the Chips War IEP@BU - EU Defense Industry and Policy Policy Brief: Defense Expenditure in EU Countries Much more work would be needed to quantify the potential savings from joint defense initiatives at the EU level. The available estimates, ranging from 20 to 100 billion, are not at all reliable. A Policy Brief by Carlo Cottarelli, and Lelouca Virgadamo Does the EU and its Member States try Harder than We Think? Cooperation between EU member states on issues of joint production and procurement is arguably less limited than IEP@BU Policy Brief by Cottarelli and Virgadamo suggests. A commentary by Stephanie C. Hofmann Why Need to Have a Clear Strategy When We Discuss Defense Expenditure Identifying the appropriate level of spending is difficult and there is not really any science about this. This is because different considerations play a role, including military strategy to political psychology. Andrea Gilli, and Mauro Gilli react to the recent IEP@BU Policy Brief Defense Expenditure in EU Countries The New Commission Needs a Strategy to Trump-Proof European Security If Trump is elected in November 2024, the security outlook of Europe could deteriorate very fast. It is therefore essential that the Commission and the forthcoming Defence Commissioner begin the policy planning and design well in advance. A commentary by Francesco Nicoli The Real Problem With the European Defense Industry The EU aerospace and defense companies invest in R&D as much as their US counterparts, with the primary difference being the size of the market, Daniel Gros, Philipp-Leo Mengel, Giorgio Presidente, and Jean Tirole argues Enrico Letta: Financing Europe's Leap Towards Defence Integration The European Union can only adequately tackle the intricate challenges of modernising its defence capabilities by exploring diverse financing mechanisms and integrating both public and private resources, Enrico Letta argues in his Much More than a Market report Time for a Real European Defense? Survey data suggest that recently announced EU Commission plans for a European Defence Strategy might lack ambition: western Europeans are unlikely to be enthused by half-backed compromises, Francesco Nicoli writes in a commentary Policy Brief - Before Vegetius: Critical Questions for European Defense n a more dangerous and unstable world, Europe must thus prepare for war to maintain peace and its security: as Vegetius noted, si vis pacem para bellum. However, increasing budgets is not enough if the EU does not address key strategic questions. prev next A new website shows the roll-call votes in European Parliament by MEP, MEP, group, and country, going back to 2004. You can also download the data for free. By Simon Hix and Abdul Noury IEP@BU Newsletter Subscribe to receive IEP@BU updates, and participate in policy discussions Subscribe now IEP@BU is on Substack Subscribe to the IEP@BU Substack We are hiring! 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